While memory loss and misplacing objects are commonly associated with dementia, experts now emphasize that changes in behavior can also be early indicators of the condition.
In some cases, these behavioral shifts may even appear before noticeable memory problems develop, highlighting the importance of recognizing a broader range of symptoms.
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Memory problems are among the most well-known symptoms of dementia. Though, individuals developing the condition can also experience alterations in their behavior, according to information from Lewy Body Dementia.
These changes can include distrust of others, perceptions that don’t align with reality, or increased irritability in everyday situations. Recognizing these early signs is crucial for timely diagnosis and potential intervention.
. Photo:iStock
Family experiences, such as an elderly individual becoming easily agitated during routine activities or claiming to observe someone who isn’t there, illustrate how these behaviors can emerge before a formal diagnosis.
Over time, these persistent signals can lead to a medical confirmation of dementia.
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Cognitive and Behavioral Changes
Dementia is diagnosed when cognitive and behavioral changes affect a person’s ability to maintain independence in daily life.
However, when these alterations don’t impair autonomy but do create difficulties in personal relationships or at work, it’s referred to as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild behavioral impairment (MBI), according to reporting in El Clarín.
Both conditions can occur simultaneously. Notably, in approximately one-third of cases of Alzheimer’s disease, behavioral changes appear before cognitive problems.
Recognizing these behavioral modifications, especially after age 50 and if they represent a persistent change from a person’s usual behavior, can be key to initiating early interventions before more severe symptoms appear.
Behavioral changes often precede cognitive problems. Photo:iStock
Five Behavioral Signs to Watch For
Experts have identified five types of behavioral changes that may signal an increased risk of dementia in individuals over 50 years of age.
Apathy is characterized by a reduction in interest, motivation, or initiative. Those experiencing it may lose enthusiasm for usual activities, decrease contact with friends or family, or indicate less curiosity about topics that previously interested them.
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Emotional dysregulation involves alterations in mood, such as persistent sadness, anxiety, or excessive worry about everyday situations or visits from others.
Loss of impulse control can manifest as irritability, aggression, frequent arguments, or frustration with setbacks. It may also include repetitive behaviors, compulsions, or difficulty moderating the use of substances like tobacco or alcohol.
Social inappropriateness relates to a loss of judgment about what to say or how to behave in certain situations. Some individuals may discuss private matters in public, address strangers as if they were close acquaintances, or show less empathy toward others.
Finally, abnormal perceptions or thoughts can include unfounded suspicions about the intentions of others, the belief that someone is trying to steal from or harm them, or even the sensation of hearing voices or seeing things that don’t exist.
If in doubt, the recommendation is to consult a healthcare professional. Photo:iStock
Before attributing these changes to possible dementia, experts recommend ruling out other causes, such as medication side effects, infections, stressful situations, personal conflicts, or the reappearance of symptoms related to previous psychiatric disorders.
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How to Respond to Demanding Behaviors
When faced with concerning behaviors, experts advise avoiding arguments or attempts at complex reasoning. Instead, they recommend speaking calmly, responding to the patient’s emotions, and trying to reduce the intensity or frequency of the behavior rather than eliminating it completely.
A common strategy is to validate the feeling behind the behavior, provide emotional support, and then redirect the person’s attention to another activity.
Caregivers are also advised to avoid testing the patient’s memory. Photo:iStock
Communication Adapted to the Illness
Communication also changes as dementia progresses. Individuals may forget words, repeat phrases, or have difficulty organizing thoughts.
it’s recommended to use short sentences, simple instructions, and maintain eye contact. A calm tone of voice and positive body language can help convey reassurance.
Caregivers are also advised to avoid testing the patient’s memory or constantly correcting their mistakes. Instead, it’s suggested to offer information naturally during conversation and prioritize emotional well-being.
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The Importance of Caring for the Caregiver
Caring for a person with dementia can involve significant physical and emotional demands.
experts recommend that caregivers seek support, share responsibilities with family or professionals, and participate in support groups when needed.
*This content was written with the assistance of artificial intelligence, based on publicly available information disclosed to media outlets. It was reviewed by a journalist and an editor.*
JOS GUERRERO
REDACCIÓN ALCANCE DIGITAL
