A common osteoporosis medication may significantly reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia in older adults with osteoporosis or fragility fractures, according to a modern study from the University of Hong Kong.
Researchers at the university’s Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy found that nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates, frequently prescribed for treating osteoporosis, could offer a promising preventative approach for dementia.
This research, published in the journal Alzheimer’s & Dementia, highlights the potential of drug repurposing as a strategy to address the growing global burden of dementia. The findings could offer a more accessible and affordable preventative option as new Alzheimer’s treatments emerge.
Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia
Dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, affects more than 55 million people worldwide, and that number is projected to reach 139 million by 2050. Recognizing its significant impact, the World Health Organization has designated dementia as a high global health priority.
Even as the first disease-modifying medications for Alzheimer’s have recently been approved to gradual disease progression, concerns remain regarding their cost, suitability, and effectiveness. This underscores the urgent need for effective and affordable preventative strategies, and drug repurposing presents a promising avenue.
The Link Between Osteoporosis Medication and Dementia Prevention
Osteoporosis frequently co-occurs with dementia in older adults, sharing several risk factors such as aging and physical inactivity. The research team previously confirmed that osteoporosis and fractures are independent risk factors for dementia, and individuals with dementia are more prone to falls, and fractures. This interconnectedness suggests that treating osteoporosis may contribute to reducing the burden of dementia.
Recent biological research indicates that the pathways affected by these commonly used osteoporosis medications may play a role in the development of age-related dementias, suggesting a potential for repurposing them for preventative purposes.
Study Details
Researchers at the University of Hong Kong’s Faculty of Medicine conducted a large-scale study involving more than 120,000 patients aged 60 and older with osteoporosis or fragility fractures between 2005 and 2020.
The team found that users of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (NBPs) had a 16% lower risk of developing age-related bone diseases compared to untreated patients, and 24% lower compared to those receiving other osteoporosis medications. This association was particularly pronounced in women and patients with hip fractures. The research estimated that treating 48 patients with NBPs for five years could prevent one case of dementia.
“These findings are important because they demonstrate a potential approach to reducing the risk of dementia in a vulnerable population, using safe and widely available medications,” researchers said.
