Wednesday, March 18, 2026, 10:49 PM
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Oral health is about more than just aesthetics and fresh breath; it can significantly impact overall health. Recent studies indicate that poor oral hygiene and gum disease may increase the risk of serious conditions, including dementia, cardiovascular disease, and arthritis, according to The Telegraph.
A report published in 2025 in IBRO Neuroscience Reports found that periodontitis, an advanced form of gum disease, could increase the risk of dementia by as much as 95%, even in individuals who otherwise maintain a healthy lifestyle.
The issue begins with the buildup of plaque on teeth, which, without proper hygiene, turns into tartar. This creates an ideal environment for bacteria to develop under the gums. Some of these bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, have even been identified in the brains of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease.
These microorganisms can enter the bloodstream, triggering chronic inflammation and releasing enzymes that affect nerve cells. Over time, this process may contribute to memory loss and cognitive decline. This research highlights the growing understanding of the brain-body connection and the importance of preventative care.
Tooth Loss: A Warning Sign
Further research shows that each lost tooth is associated with a slight increase in dementia risk. In extreme cases, when a person loses all their teeth, the risk of cognitive decline can increase by up to 54%, and the risk of dementia by approximately 40%.
Interestingly, this risk decreases in people who use dentures, suggesting that maintaining chewing function could play an important role in brain health.
Impact on the Heart and Risk of Heart Attack
The link between gum disease and cardiovascular conditions has been known for years, but the evidence is becoming increasingly robust. Bacteria from the oral cavity can enter the bloodstream and contribute to the formation of fatty plaques on blood vessels, a process known as atherosclerosis.
These deposits can narrow arteries and, if they rupture, can cause clots leading to heart attack or stroke. Studies reveal that people with severe periodontitis have up to a 30% higher risk of developing heart disease or suffering a stroke.
A 2023 study at a hospital in Aberdeen revealed that approximately two-thirds of patients hospitalized for a heart attack had severe gum infections.
The Connection with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Chronic inflammation caused by gum disease is also implicated in the onset or worsening of rheumatoid arthritis. Oral bacteria can modify certain proteins in the body, causing the immune system to react aggressively, leading to inflammation and joint destruction.
Recent research from the University of Birmingham shows that treating gum disease can reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis.
According to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, up to 90% of adults have some form of gum disease. The condition begins with gingivitis, an inflammation of the gums caused by plaque buildup.
“Gingivitis is extremely common. The more advanced form, periodontitis, affects about half the population and should be considered a systemic disease, not just a local problem,” explains Luigi Nibali.
What Experts Recommend
At a conference organized by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, experts emphasized the importance of oral hygiene in preventing these conditions. The main recommendation is simple: brush your teeth three times a day, after each meal, and have regular checkups with your dentist.
While some of the risk of gum disease is genetic, experts say that most cases are influenced by lifestyle – particularly oral hygiene, smoking, and the frequency of dental visits.
