Childhood vs. Adolescent Obesity: Genetic Factors Differ Significantly
The genetic factors influencing obesity differ substantially between young children and adolescents, highlighting the importance of monitoring weight and health risks beginning around age 10, according to recent findings. Understanding these distinctions could lead to more effective, targeted interventions to minimize long-term health risks.
Body Mass Index (BMI), calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared, is a key tool in assessing obesity risk. A BMI between the 85th and 94th percentile is considered a risk factor for obesity, while a BMI at or above the 95th percentile indicates obesity. This measurement is particularly useful in diagnosing obesity in children ages six and older, and in adults, a BMI of 25 kg/m² or higher is classified as obesity, according to the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency.
While genetics and certain disorders can contribute to obesity, most cases in adolescents stem from a lack of physical activity and consuming more calories than the body needs. The MSD Manual notes that a BMI at or above the 95th percentile for age and sex is one tool used in diagnosing obesity.
Experts emphasize the availability of clinical practice guidelines for managing childhood and adolescent obesity, developed by organizations such as the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Korean Obesity Society. These resources can help healthcare professionals provide appropriate care and support. More information on these guidelines can be found here.
Obesity is becoming increasingly common among young people, with approximately one in five adolescents in the United States affected. While many complications of obesity may not appear until adulthood, obese adolescents are more likely to develop high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes compared to their peers. The MSD Manual likewise points out that social stigma associated with obesity can lead to bullying and social isolation, potentially exacerbating the problem.
Nutritious diets and increased physical activity are crucial for treating obesity, and some children may benefit from weight-loss medications or surgery. These findings underscore the importance of early intervention and comprehensive strategies to address the growing issue of childhood and adolescent obesity.
