More than 150 people have been hospitalized with Hepatitis A in the southern Italian region of Campania since the beginning of the year, with authorities reporting new cases on the island of Ischia. The number of reported cases, according to the Naples health authority, is significantly higher than averages seen in recent years. Fourteen new cases were registered in Naples alone on March 20, 2026, with an additional ten identified on Ischia.
Contaminated Shellfish Suspected in Outbreak
The potential source of the outbreak is believed to be contaminated mussels from the Phlegraean Fields area, a region containing a supervolcano south of Naples. Testing revealed several positive samples, and the affected batches have been removed from the market. Experts suggest the virus may now be spreading person-to-person. This outbreak highlights the importance of food safety measures and vigilance regarding potential contamination.
Local water authorities have stated that the drinking water supply is safe and unaffected by the contamination. Health officials believe the initial infections may have occurred after the Christmas holidays, given the virus’s long incubation period.
Increased Inspections and Restrictions Implemented
Authorities are urging the public to practice heightened hygiene to help curb the spread of the epidemic. The Carabinieri’s NAS unit, specializing in food safety, has launched a comprehensive inspection campaign across the region, targeting restaurants, fish markets, and smaller vendors.
On March 21, 2026, Naples Mayor Gaetano Manfredi issued a ban on the consumption of raw seafood in restaurants, with potential fines of up to €20,000 for violations. Similar measures are being implemented in other cities within the Campania region.
Hepatitis A is an acute liver inflammation primarily transmitted through contaminated food or water. Raw or undercooked shellfish are considered a major source of infection, as they can accumulate viruses from contaminated water. Experts recommend thoroughly cooking seafood before consumption. Thorough handwashing and preventing cross-contamination in the kitchen are also advised. Vaccination is considered the most effective preventative measure.
Novella Carannante, an infectious disease specialist at the Cotugno Hospital in Naples, described the situation as “outside the usual epidemiological patterns” for the Campania region. Typically, infection rates peak in January, often linked to the consumption of raw seafood during the Christmas holidays. However, cases usually decline significantly by March, with most patients able to recover at home. “This year, we are seeing a long series of severe cases that have overwhelmed our ward, forcing us to use beds in the emergency room,” Carannante reported.
