A global alert regarding measles is underway, and following the COVID-19 pandemic, it’s crucial not to underestimate the risk posed by highly contagious viral diseases. This necessitates reinforcing protective measures and emphasizing the life-saving power of vaccines. Understanding the risks and preventative steps is vital for public health as measles cases begin to rise in various regions.
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection spread easily through saliva droplets, sneezing, or contact with contaminated surfaces. Its high transmission rate means one infected person can potentially spread the virus to as many as 20 others.
Initial symptoms include fever, general discomfort, and the appearance of Koplik’s spots inside the mouth, followed by a widespread rash.
The incubation period for measles is approximately 3 to 7 days, and individuals are advised to isolate for 7 to 10 days after symptoms appear to prevent further transmission.
“When a person coughs, they can spread or disseminate the virus. It has a very easy mode of transmission; epidemiologically, it’s estimated that one initial case can lead to approximately 20 subsequent infections, given how easily it spreads through saliva droplets or contaminated surfaces,” explained infectious disease specialist Jesús Tapia García.
The most effective way to prevent measles is through complete vaccination. Colombia has been recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as measles-free thanks to high vaccination rates, demonstrating the impact of widespread immunization efforts.
Vaccination is particularly crucial for healthcare workers, children, and travelers – especially those visiting areas with active outbreaks, such as the United States or Europe – as it provides protection against contracting the disease.
“The most effective measure to prevent measles is vaccination and ensuring people complete their vaccination schedule. The problem in countries like the United States and some European nations is the growing anti-vaccine movement. Many people are not vaccinating their children or themselves, leaving them susceptible,” Tapia García added.
Travelers, especially those planning to attend the World Cup in Mexico, should check their vaccination status using the ‘Mi Vacuna’ app and receive a measles booster 15 days before travel if they do not have a record of vaccination within the last 10 years.
Individuals returning from areas with active outbreaks (Mexico, the United States, Canada, Europe) who develop a fever or rash should immediately notify health authorities for testing and potential isolation.
Measles Can Be Fatal
Treatment for measles is primarily supportive, focusing on rest, hydration, and pain relief with medications like acetaminophen. However, the disease can be fatal, particularly in children and adults, due to secondary complications such as pneumonia or central nervous system disorders.
“It’s a disease that can be fatal, especially in young children and adults. If an adult contracts measles, they have a high chance of developing complications. Secondary to measles, pneumonia and hepatitis can occur, which can be fatal, as well as central nervous system disorders,” Tapia García stated.
Immunity following a measles infection is long-lasting and provides protection against subsequent infections.
Who Should Be Vaccinated Against Measles?
Vaccination is recommended for travelers aged 11 to 59 years without verifiable vaccination records: they should receive at least one dose 15 days before travel.
All healthcare workers should have their vaccination records verified, and if they lack physical or digital documentation, they should receive an additional dose.
This recommendation similarly extends to personnel involved in the tourism, hospitality, and air, land, and sea transportation sectors.
Vaccination Availability in Barranquilla
The Barranquilla City Hall, through its Health Secretariat, reported in early March that it had a total of 44,700 measles vaccines available, despite no reported cases in the city. This proactive measure was taken in response to reported cases in other parts of the country.
Measles vaccines are available free of charge in Barranquilla at Paso, Camino, and participating healthcare providers.
Measles Cases in Colombia
According to the National Institute of Health, as of Sunday, a fourth case of measles was reported in the country, in a patient with a history of travel to Mexico.
Of the four cases, three are in Bogotá and one in Bucaramanga.
The National Institute of Health confirmed that all four cases are imported, as the patients had recently traveled to Mexico.
Three cases are male, and one is female.
The patients’ ages range from 20 to 39 years.
