A remarkably well-preserved bronze sword, dating back approximately 3,400 years, has revealed new insights into the metalworking techniques of the Middle Bronze Age. Discovered in 2023 during an excavation of a burial site in Nördlingen, Swabia, in southwestern Germany, the weapon is part of a rare group known as octagonal swords found in southern Germany. The find is significant as it offers a glimpse into the craftsmanship and technology of the period, potentially reshaping our understanding of Bronze Age societies.
Following the discovery, the Bavarian State Office for the Preservation of Monuments commissioned a detailed scientific study in Berlin to analyze the sword’s construction and decoration. Researchers employed non-destructive methods, including high-resolution computed tomography and X-ray diffraction at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy at the BESSY II synchrotron. These techniques allowed for a comprehensive examination of the sword’s structure, composition, and internal stresses without requiring any sampling.
According to reports, the sword remains in exceptional condition, with portions of the blade still exhibiting a metallic sheen and a remarkably sharp cutting edge. Computed tomography revealed that the blade extends into the hilt as a tang, secured with rivets. The scans also revealed subtle tool marks and evidence of shaping and finishing techniques.
Further analysis of the geometric grooves on the pommel indicated the presence of metallic inlays. While tin was initially suspected, researchers found that the inlays are primarily composed of copper wires, with trace amounts of tin and lead associated with the bronze alloy. This proves believed the surface may have undergone a chemical darkening process to enhance the contrast between the reddish copper and the golden bronze.
Reconstructing Ancient Processes
Additional testing mapped residual stresses within the metal, enabling researchers to reconstruct the stages of production, including casting, forging, and finishing. Preliminary findings suggest the sword was likely produced in southern Germany, a major center for the distribution of these weapons during the Bronze Age.
