Common Medications Linked to Potentially Dangerous Low Sodium Levels

A neurologist is warning patients about the risk of dangerously low sodium levels, known as hyponatremia, associated with three widely prescribed medications.

Dr. Sudhir Kumar, MD, a senior neurologist at Apollo Hospitals in Hyderabad, has cautioned that certain drugs can significantly lower sodium in the blood, particularly in older adults. He advises vigilance for symptoms including fatigue, confusion, dizziness, or seizures. According to Dr. Kumar, three categories of medications are of particular concern: thiazide diuretics like hydrochlorothiazide and indapamide, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as sertraline and escitalopram, and anti-seizure/mood-stabilizing medications carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine.

Thiazide diuretics increase sodium loss through urine, while SSRIs and carbamazepine/oxcarbazepine can elevate levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to water retention and sodium dilution. Hyponatremia occurs when the sodium concentration in the blood falls below normal levels, disrupting the body’s fluid balance; the Mayo Clinic details the condition and its potential severity. This is particularly concerning given the increasing prevalence of these medications in managing chronic conditions like hypertension and mental health disorders.

“If you’re on these medicines and feel unusually tired, dizzy, or confused, get your blood sodium checked,” Dr. Kumar urged. Treatment for hyponatremia typically involves adjusting medications, limiting fluid intake, or administering intravenous electrolytes. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases provides further information on diagnosis and treatment options.

Medical professionals recommend immediate attention for severe symptoms like loss of consciousness or repeated seizures, and are advising patients on these medications to proactively monitor their health and discuss any concerns with their healthcare provider.