As electric vehicle adoption accelerates,a new study reveals a notable portion of an EV’s energy is lost before it even powers the wheels. Research from Lithuanian energy company Ignitis and UAB Automotyvas indicates up to 28% of supplied energy can be depleted due to factors beyond just drivetrain efficiency. The findings, based on testing of a Škoda Enyaq iV between November 2023 and February 2024, highlight often-overlooked energy drains like heating, cooling, and onboard electronics, prompting a closer look at real-world EV performance.
Energy Loss in Electric Vehicles: Where Does It Go?
Lithuanian energy company Ignitis, in collaboration with the automotive testing and engineering firm UAB Automotyvas, has investigated energy consumption in electric vehicles (EVs), revealing significant energy losses during operation. The study, conducted between November 2023 and February 2024, found that up to 28% of the energy supplied to an EV can be lost before it’s converted into motion.
The research focused on a Škoda Enyaq iV, a popular electric SUV, and analyzed energy flow under various driving conditions. According to the findings, the largest energy drain – approximately 12-14% – occurs due to the vehicle’s heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. This loss is particularly pronounced during colder months, when more energy is required to maintain cabin temperature.
Another substantial loss, accounting for 8-10% of total energy, is attributed to auxiliary systems, including the infotainment system, lights, and other onboard electronics. The study also identified drivetrain losses, encompassing friction within the motor, gearbox, and tires, contributing to a 5-7% energy reduction.
“The results show that the efficiency of an electric vehicle is significantly affected by external factors and the use of onboard systems,” stated a representative from Ignitis. “Understanding these energy losses is crucial for optimizing EV performance and range, especially as consumer demand for electric vehicles continues to grow.”
The remaining energy loss, around 2-3%, is linked to the battery’s internal resistance and charging process. Ignitis noted that these losses can vary depending on battery age, temperature, and charging speed.
The findings come as the automotive industry increasingly focuses on improving EV efficiency and extending driving range. Manufacturers are exploring various technologies, including heat pump systems and regenerative braking, to minimize energy waste. The study underscores the importance of considering real-world driving conditions and auxiliary system usage when evaluating the total cost of ownership for electric vehicles.
Ignitis plans to continue its research, expanding the scope to include different EV models and driving scenarios. The company aims to provide consumers with more detailed insights into energy consumption patterns and help them make informed decisions about EV ownership.
