As global health organizations increasingly warn of a looming “post-antibiotic era,” a new analysis reveals stark disparities in antibiotic use across Europe, with Southern European nations leading in consumption [[2]].The concerning trend, fueled in part by over-the-counter access in some countries, directly contributes to the rise of antimicrobial resistance-a phenomenon the World Health Organization has identified as one of the top 10 global public health threats [[1]]. This report examines the data highlighting which countries are most affected and the implications for public health across the continent.
Antibiotic Use Highest in Southern European Nations, Often Available Over-the-Counter
Southern European countries exhibit the highest rates of antibiotic consumption in Europe, and in some nations, these medications are readily available to consumers without a prescription. This trend raises concerns about increasing antibiotic resistance, a growing threat to global public health.
According to data analyzed, Spain, Greece, and Italy lead in antibiotic use per capita. Specifically, in 2022, Spain recorded 39.6 defined daily doses (DDD) per 1,000 inhabitants, Greece 36.2 DDD, and Italy 31.9 DDD. These figures significantly surpass the European average of 22.4 DDD.
A key factor contributing to the high usage in these countries is the over-the-counter availability of certain antibiotics. In Greece, for example, some antibiotics can be purchased without a doctor’s prescription. This practice allows for self-medication, potentially leading to inappropriate use and accelerating the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
The data, collected by the European Medicines Agency (EMA), reveals a wide range of antibiotic consumption across Europe. Countries like Austria and Sweden demonstrate considerably lower usage rates, with 13.1 DDD and 17.6 DDD respectively.
“The overuse of antibiotics is a major driver of antibiotic resistance,” researchers said. “When antibiotics are used unnecessarily, bacteria can adapt and become resistant to their effects, making infections harder to treat.”
The findings underscore the importance of responsible antibiotic stewardship programs and stricter regulations regarding prescription requirements. Efforts to educate the public about the appropriate use of antibiotics are also crucial in combating the rise of antibiotic resistance.
