Thyroid disease is increasingly prevalent worldwide, with estimates suggesting that over one million people in Portugal may be affected, many undiagnosed. While often considered a women’s health issue – with women five to eight times more likely to develop thyroid disorders – experts emphasize that men are also at risk and may experience unique symptoms. This report details teh signs, diagnosis, and importance of recognizing thyroid dysfunction in men, a condition that can substantially impact quality of life if left untreated.
Thyroid disease cases are on the rise globally, with an estimated 10% of the population in Portugal currently affected. However, experts believe this figure may be significantly higher due to widespread underdiagnosis, potentially impacting over one million people in Portugal alone.
According to the Portuguese Society of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (SPEDM), thyroid disorders are considerably more common in women, who are five to eight times more likely to develop them compared to men. While the exact causes remain unclear, researchers suggest a link to the female hormonal system.
Despite this disparity, thyroid disease isn’t exclusive to women. Men can and do develop thyroid conditions, and it’s crucial to recognize this. Beyond common dysfunctions like hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, thyroid nodules – alterations in the gland’s structure – are also a significant concern.
Interestingly, some studies report that men often discover these nodules while shaving. Other potential symptoms include changes in voice, hoarseness, difficulty breathing or swallowing, and a general feeling of discomfort in the neck. Early detection is key, and anyone experiencing these symptoms should promptly consult a healthcare professional.
While less frequent in men, thyroid nodules are associated with a higher risk of malignancy, according to several studies, making timely diagnosis even more critical.
What are the symptoms of thyroid dysfunction?
Many of the primary symptoms of thyroid dysfunction are similar in both men and women, including fatigue, apathy, sleepiness, insomnia, mood swings, weight fluctuations, and hair loss. Changes in bowel habits are also common.
However, some symptoms are more specific to men with thyroid disease. Research published in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism indicates that 60% of men with hypothyroidism experience low libido, alongside reduced testosterone levels and decreased semen quality. Men may also experience erectile dysfunction, delayed ejaculation, and infertility due to alterations in sperm.
Muscle aches are also more frequently reported by men with hypothyroidism than women, often accompanied by joint stiffness and muscle weakness. Constipation is another common symptom in men with hypothyroidism, as is sudden, unexplained weight gain, even without changes in diet or food intake.
Hair loss, while a common part of male aging, can also signal a thyroid issue when excessive and accompanied by unusually dry skin. Recognizing these symptoms is the first step toward seeking appropriate care.
How is thyroid disease diagnosed?
Many of the symptoms associated with thyroid dysfunction can mimic other conditions or be attributed to the natural aging process. Therefore, it’s essential to pay attention to these signs and seek medical attention for an accurate diagnosis.
Diagnosis typically involves a blood test to assess thyroid hormone levels. Further testing, such as a thyroid ultrasound, may be necessary to evaluate for nodules and determine the extent of the condition. ADTI
Early and accurate diagnosis is vital for effective treatment and management of thyroid disease, improving overall health and quality of life. Saúde e Bem-Estar, Southwest General, Frontiers, Sociedade Portuguesa de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo
