Vitamin B12 Deficiency Increasingly Common, Especially Among Vegetarians and Older Adults

A significant number of people are experiencing Vitamin B12 deficiency, leading to fatigue, cognitive issues, and mood changes, doctors report.

Vitamin B12 is crucial for red blood cell production, nerve health, and DNA synthesis, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). When levels are low, the body struggles to function efficiently, resulting in weakness, fatigue, and potential cognitive decline. A 2020 study conducted by the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) revealed that nearly half of the Indian adults tested had insufficient Vitamin B12 levels, particularly those in urban areas with limited intake of dairy or animal protein.

Common symptoms of deficiency, which often go unnoticed, include persistent fatigue, numbness or tingling in the extremities, difficulty concentrating, mood swings, pale skin, and balance problems. The deficiency often develops slowly and can be mistaken for other conditions like anxiety or depression. Certain medications, such as metformin (used for diabetes) and acid-reducing drugs, can also hinder B12 absorption, as can conditions affecting the gut, like gastritis or Crohn’s disease. Understanding these factors is vital as early detection can prevent potentially irreversible nerve and brain damage – a growing concern for public health officials.

Dietary sources of Vitamin B12 are primarily found in animal products like eggs, milk, fish, and meat, making vegetarians and vegans particularly vulnerable. The ICMR–NIN 2020 guidelines recommend a daily intake of 2.4 µg of Vitamin B12 for adults. For those with low levels, supplementation or injections may be necessary, and doctors advise getting tested if experiencing persistent tiredness, tingling, or memory problems. Read more about common vitamin deficiencies here.

Healthcare professionals emphasize the importance of early detection and treatment, noting that addressing a Vitamin B12 deficiency can significantly improve energy levels, mood, and cognitive function.