As influenza and other respiratory illnesses circulate more widely, health officials are warning of a concerning rise in pneumonia cases nationwide. The infection, which claimed the lives of thousands last year-ranking as the third leading cause of death in the country-poses a notable threat, notably to seniors and those with underlying health conditions. Experts are emphasizing preventative measures, including vaccination, to combat the surge and protect vulnerable populations.
폐렴 예방을 위해 전문가들은 폐렴구균 백신 접종을 권장하고 있다. 게티이미지
As influenza cases rapidly spread, health experts are warning that older adults and individuals with chronic conditions are at increased risk for pneumonia. Pneumonia remains a serious public health concern, ranking as the third leading cause of death in the country last year, following cancer and heart disease. Experts recommend preventative measures, including vaccination, to mitigate the risk.
Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lungs caused by infection with bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Data from the nation’s health and medical big data statistics show a significant increase in pneumonia cases, rising from 513,065 in 2021 to 1,884,821 last year – a 2.7-fold increase. This surge is particularly concerning given the growing elderly population, who are more vulnerable to severe complications.
The early symptoms of pneumonia can mimic those of the common cold or flu, such as cough, fever, and muscle aches, making diagnosis challenging. However, individuals should seek medical attention if they experience a high fever of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher, yellow or greenish sputum, difficulty breathing, and chest pain. “One of the important functions of the lungs is to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide,” explained Dr. Kwak Won-geon, a pulmonologist at Kyung Hee University Hospital. “When inflammation accumulates in the lungs due to pneumonia, this exchange is impaired, potentially leading to respiratory failure. This is especially true for older adults and those with chronic illnesses, who often have reduced lung function and weakened immune systems, causing pneumonia to progress rapidly.”
If pneumonia is suspected, a prompt and accurate diagnosis is crucial, along with an assessment of the severity of the illness. Diagnostic tests typically include a chest X-ray or CT scan to determine the extent of the infection, and blood or sputum tests to identify the causative agent. Bacterial pneumonia is treated with antibiotics, while viral pneumonia may require antiviral medications or supportive care to manage symptoms. Individuals with recurrent pneumonia may need further evaluation to identify underlying contributing factors.
The most effective preventative measure against pneumonia is vaccination with the pneumococcal vaccine. It is recommended that individuals 65 years and older receive one dose, and those who were previously vaccinated before age 65 should receive a booster dose five years later. Quitting smoking is also essential for restoring lung defenses, and maintaining a nutritious diet rich in protein and vitamins can help bolster the immune system. Older adults should also be mindful of aspiration pneumonia – caused by food or liquids entering the airway – and take precautions to avoid choking while eating.
“The most effective way to prevent pneumonia is through pneumococcal vaccination, which can also reduce the risk of serious complications such as sepsis and meningitis,” said Dr. Kwak. “However, because the influenza virus changes annually, annual vaccination is recommended. Daily practices like handwashing and maintaining a strong immune system through proper nutrition are also vital.”
