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'A weird result from an already weird hominin': Archaeologists discover all Homo naledi skeletons found in South African cave are female

All 20 Homo naledi skeletons found in a South African cave are female—raising new questions about ancient burial practices

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The brief

The find challenges existing theories about hominin burial rituals and social structures, as Homo naledi remains were previously thought to include both sexes. Coverage emphasizes the site’s potential significance as a possible *first known women-only burial ground*, with experts calling the result "unexpected" and "unprecedented." Outlets including *The Times*, *National Geographic*, and *CNN* highlight the cave’s role in deepening the mystery of Homo naledi’s behavior, particularly their deliberate disposal of the dead in confined spaces.

Researchers now aim to determine whether this reflects a cultural or biological pattern, or if the skeletons represent a specific age group or ritual context. Further analysis of the cave’s stratigraphy and additional fossil recovery could provide clarity—but for now, the discovery underscores how little is known about this enigmatic hominin species.

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Quick answers

What is Homo naledi?

An extinct hominin species discovered in South Africa, characterized by a mix of primitive and modern human traits. Fossils suggest they lived between 236,000 and 335,000 years ago.

Why is this discovery surprising?

Previous excavations of Homo naledi remains included both male and female specimens. The all-female composition of the latest find contradicts expectations and raises questions about burial customs or sampling bias.

Could this be a women-only ritual site?

Coverage suggests the possibility, but scientists caution that more evidence—such as additional skeletons or artifacts—is needed before drawing firm conclusions about ritualistic significance.

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