Experts Advise Prioritizing Food Over Supplements for Gut Health

New research emphasizes the importance of obtaining probiotics through a diverse diet rather than relying on over-the-counter supplements, as the gut microbiome’s delicate balance can be easily disrupted.

Much like a bustling city, the gut microbiome is a constantly active ecosystem comprised of microorganisms – bacteria, fungi, and viruses – most of which are beneficial. Probiotics, considered the “good residents” of this internal environment, play a crucial role in digestion, immunity, and overall health, and imbalances have been linked to chronic diseases like cancer. Researchers at MD Anderson’s PRIME-TR are actively investigating the microbiome’s influence on cancer risk and treatment response, including immunotherapy.

While probiotic supplements are widely available, experts caution against self-treating. “What you find in the aisles of stores are products that are, for the most part, not regulated. And that means it’s very hard to tell if what’s on the label is actually what’s in the bottle,” explains researcher Ajami. Nutritional epidemiologist Daniel-MacDougall adds, “Just like you wouldn’t take a medication that you don’t need…probiotics can work the same way.” She notes that unnecessary supplementation could disrupt existing gut bacteria, potentially leading to digestive issues. For cancer patients undergoing treatment, over-the-counter probiotics are particularly discouraged, as a 2021 study showed they could hinder the effectiveness of immunotherapy.

Instead, experts recommend focusing on probiotic-rich foods like yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, and fermented fruits and vegetables. A varied diet, rich in fiber – a prebiotic that feeds beneficial gut bacteria – is also key. “If you’re eating a lot of different types of foods, very colorful plates, usually you will have a colorful gut in terms of bacterial composition, and that is generally a good thing,” Ajami stated. Individuals experiencing gut issues after antibiotics or illness should consult their doctor for personalized advice, as digestive health is crucial for overall wellbeing.

Officials at MD Anderson encourage individuals to request an appointment online or by calling 1-877-632-6789 for further guidance on supporting gut health.