Codeine Use Linked to Common Side Effects, NHS Data Reveals
Over 74 million controlled drugs were prescribed in England in 2024, including more than 25 million Schedule 5 drugs like codeine, prompting renewed focus on the painkiller’s potential side effects.
Codeine, an opioid commonly prescribed for pain relief following surgery or injury when other medications prove ineffective, works by targeting opioid receptors in the brain. While available via prescription in tablet, liquid, or injection form, lower-strength versions are also sold over the counter combined with paracetamol or ibuprofen. The National Health Service warns that more than one in 100 people may experience side effects such as constipation, nausea, confusion, fatigue, dizziness, and headaches.
According to NHS data, fewer than one in 100 people might develop more serious adverse reactions, including muscle rigidity or symptoms of low blood pressure. The duration of codeine use varies depending on the severity and length of pain, but the NHS emphasizes that alternative medications should be considered, particularly for chronic pain or if side effects like constipation develop. Managing constipation through increased fibre intake – aiming for 18g to 21g daily from sources like wholewheat biscuits, oats, and lentils – is often recommended. You can find more information about managing pain with medication on the NHS website.
The increasing number of codeine prescriptions highlights the ongoing need for patient awareness regarding potential side effects and responsible pain management. The NHS advises anyone experiencing adverse reactions to consult with their healthcare provider for guidance and support.
