Japan plans to revise the way it refers to Self-Defense Forces officer ranks, adopting titles that align more closely with those used by other countries’ militaries.
Under the proposed change, the heads of the Ground, Maritime and Air Self-Defense Forces — known as the chiefs of staff — will be called “general,” while other officers holding the rank of lieutenant general will be referred to as “lieutenant general.” The rank currently designated as “1佐” will become “colonel,” and “1尉” will be changed to “captain.”
The revision marks the first time since the Self-Defense Forces were established in 1954 that such rank nomenclature will be altered. Officials said the shift aims to improve public understanding and enhance the morale of service members by using terminology consistent with international military standards.
However, the government has decided not to change the designations for non-commissioned officers and enlisted personnel, including ranks such as “sergeant” and “private,” due to concerns that adopting terms like “military sergeant” or “second class soldier” could evoke negative associations with Japan’s wartime military.
Multiple government officials confirmed the plan, noting that legislation to amend the Self-Defense Forces Law and related statutes is expected to be submitted to the Diet during the current fiscal year.
The move reflects broader efforts to strengthen recruitment and retention by fostering an environment where personnel can serve “with honor and pride,” according to a senior government official.
