As of January 2020, Italy recorded an average life expectancy of 85.3 years for women and 81.0 years for men, according to ISTAT data. While medical advancements have significantly extended lifespans over the last century, public health experts are shifting the focus from simply adding years to life to improving the quality of health during those years.
The Biological and Social Clock of Aging

The Growing Gap Between Life Expectancy and Healthspan
Designing Environments for Long-Term Health
- Natural Movement: Integrating walking and manual labor into daily routines rather than relying on scheduled gym workouts.
- Whole Foods: Prioritizing plant-based, non-ultra-processed ingredients.
- Social Cohesion: Maintaining strong community ties that provide support during difficult times.
- Purpose: Cultivating a clear reason for waking up each day to bolster mental energy.
Shifting the Focus from Willpower to Context
