Italy is currently experiencing a surge in influenza cases, with over 1.7 million reported since the monitoring period began,prompting health officials to emphasize preventative measures. The latest data from the Istituto Superiore di Sanità reveals a consistent upward trend,with approximately 435,000 new cases recorded in the last week alone. This report comes as public health authorities also monitor a newly identified human case of H5N5 avian influenza in the United States,adding another layer of concern to the global respiratory health landscape.
Influenza season is gaining momentum across Italy, with estimated cases exceeding 1.7 million since monitoring began. A recent report from the Istituto Superiore di Sanità’s RespiVirNet indicates approximately 435,000 new cases were reported in the last week alone, a slight increase compared to the previous seven days, confirming a consistent upward trend. This rise in cases highlights the importance of preventative measures and awareness as the season progresses.
When is the Flu Peak Expected?
Virologist Fabrizio Pregliasco, from the University of Milan and scientific director of the Osservatorio Virusrespiratori, explained the factors influencing the spread of the virus:
“It’s difficult to predict the peak. Weather conditions play a role, particularly a sudden drop in temperature and increased humidity. Intense social interactions during the end-of-year holidays and the return to school can also create conditions for the peak of the season.”
Comparing this year’s data to last year’s is complex due to changes in case registration methodology. The surveillance system has updated its definitions, shifting from monitoring influenza-like illnesses (ILI) to tracking acute respiratory infections (ARI). Acute respiratory infections are now the focus of surveillance efforts.
COVID-19 cases and hospitalizations are currently lower than during the same period last year, primarily affecting individuals over the age of 65. However, health officials are also monitoring a concerning situation in the United States regarding avian influenza.
Who is Most Affected by the Flu in 2025?
Children between 0 and 4 years old remain the most affected group, with an incidence of approximately 23 cases per 1,000 individuals. The overall national rate has risen to 7.64 cases per 1,000. While the epidemic intensity is currently classified as low, the new calculation method introduced this year makes comparisons with previous seasons challenging. This data underscores the vulnerability of young children to influenza and the need for targeted preventative strategies.
In light of this increasing viral circulation, the Istituto Superiore di Sanità has reiterated its recommendations, emphasizing the need to protect vulnerable populations. Vaccination is strongly advised for:
- Older adults, who are more susceptible to complications;
- Children, who have high rates of infection and contribute to the spread;
- Patients with chronic conditions, for whom influenza can worsen existing health problems.
Staying up-to-date with influenza vaccination, along with COVID-19 vaccination when indicated, and practicing basic hygiene measures like frequent handwashing and limiting contact when symptomatic, remain crucial. Active participation from the public in adopting responsible behaviors is essential to address the viral wave and minimize its impact on public health.
U.S. Alert: First Human Case of H5N5 Avian Influenza
Across the Atlantic, epidemiologists are closely monitoring a new development: the first human case of avian influenza from the H5N5 strain has been recorded in a resident of Washington State. This marks the first human infection in the United States since February of last year, and the first time this specific strain has been identified in a person.
Following nine months without human infections, the Washington case has renewed focus on the virus. Since 2022, the predominant strain circulating in the U.S. has been H5N1, responsible for widespread outbreaks among poultry and, more recently, in dairy cattle.
Between 2024 and early 2025, 70 infections were reported nationwide, with one death linked to the infection in Louisiana. The virus spreads through saliva, mucus, feces, and milk from infected animals. Health authorities emphasize that there is currently no evidence of person-to-person transmission. Close contacts of the patient are being monitored, but no additional cases have been identified so far.
